阿基米德之死The death of Archimedes

常用词汇

同义词与近义词

常用短语与固定搭配

• met his end：死去；遇害。原文用法：Archimedes met his end during the sack of Syracuse。
• according to one account：根据一种说法。原文用法：According to one account, Archimedes, unaware that Syracuse had been taken by Marcellus...
• stand clear of：站开；避开。原文用法：ordered him to stand clear of the figure。
• drew his sword：拔出剑。原文用法：The enraged soldier thereupon drew his sword。
• besought sb. to do sth.：恳求某人做某事。原文用法：Archimedes besought the soldier to wait a little。
• unmoved by：不为……所动。原文用法：the soldier, unmoved by the entreaty。
• give strict orders：下达严令。原文用法：The Roman general had given strict orders that no harm was to come to the great man。
• no harm was to come to：不得伤害；不会受到伤害。原文用法：that no harm was to come to the great man。
• disobey orders：违抗命令。原文用法：the GI who disobeyed orders。

常用句式

• X met his end during Y：X 死于 Y 期间。原文例句：Archimedes met his end during the sack of Syracuse.
• According to one account, X, unaware that Y, was preoccupied with Z when W：根据一种说法，X 不知道 Y 发生，正在专注于 Z 时 W 出现了。原文例句：According to one account, Archimedes, unaware that Syracuse had been taken by Marcellus, was preoccupied with a diagram drawn on a sand tray when a pillaging Roman soldier entered his apartment.
• X, in a transport of contemplation upon a problem, declined to do Y：X 正全神贯注地思考一个问题，拒绝做 Y。原文例句：Archimedes, in a transport of contemplation upon a problem, declined to do so before he completed his demonstration.
• X gave strict orders that ...：X 下达严令要求……。原文例句：The Roman general had given strict orders that no harm was to come to the great man.

长难句解析

According to one account, Archimedes, unaware that Syracuse had been taken by Marcellus, was preoccupied with a diagram drawn on a sand tray when a pillaging Roman soldier entered his apartment.

• 主干：Archimedes was preoccupied with a diagram。
• 修饰与从句：句首 According to one account 是插入语，交代叙事来源；unaware that Syracuse had been taken by Marcellus 是形容词短语作原因状语，说明阿基米德不知城陷；drawn on a sand tray 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 diagram；when a pillaging Roman soldier entered his apartment 是时间状语从句，引出闯入事件。
• 逻辑关系：在不知城已陷的背景下，阿基米德正专注于沙盘上的图形，此时一个抢劫的罗马士兵闯入他的房间，由此引出他挥手示意士兵退开、却被刺死的悲剧。

Plutarch says that nothing afflicted Marcellus so much as the death of Archimedes. The Roman general had given strict orders that no harm was to come to the great man, and one can only imagine the general's ire, and what happened to the GI who disobeyed orders.

• 主干：Plutarch says that nothing afflicted Marcellus so much as the death of Archimedes（第一句）；The Roman general had given strict orders that ... and one can only imagine the general's ire, and what happened to the GI（第二句）。
• 修饰与从句：第一句是 so ... as ... 比较结构，强调阿基米德之死对马塞卢斯打击之大；第二句 that no harm was to come to the great man 是同位语从句，说明 strict orders 的内容；who disobeyed orders 是定语从句修饰 GI。
• 逻辑关系：先点明马塞卢斯之悲痛，再揭示他曾下严令保护阿基米德，最后以"违令士兵的下场"留下历史悬念。

语言使用特点

• 故事使用多种近义词（incensed、enraged）描述"愤怒"，并用 slew、besought 等古英语风格的强变化动词，烘托历史叙事的庄重感。
• 频繁使用 According to one account、Another version says、Still another version、Another account 等引出结构，呈现"多种史料并陈"的叙事框架。
• 多处用 the old man 指代阿基米德，既呼应他年事已高，也与"伟大的数学家"形成年龄反差，强化悲剧色彩。

迁移练习

1. 用 X met his end during Y 造句，描述一位历史人物的死。
2. 用 According to one account, X, unaware that Y, was preoccupied with Z when W 的结构，编写一个简短的叙事片段。
3. 用三种不同的英文词表达"愤怒"，并分别造句。