内容概述
阿基米德发明了一种螺旋管：两端开口并螺旋缠绕中心圆柱，一端浸入水中时只要转动顶端把柄即可将水从低处送到高处。原理在于螺旋轴的倾斜角大于管子本身的倾斜角，水便沿管道从顶端涌出。至今这种装置仍在世界许多地方使用，古代埃及人就曾用它来灌溉土地、排除洪涝，甚至在船舱进水时用来抽水。
中文正文
阿基米德有一个发明，至今还在世界许多地方应用着，那就是所谓的"阿基米德螺旋管"。它是一根两端开口的管子，螺旋地缠绕着中心的圆柱（如图8）。螺旋管的一端浸在水里，螺旋的中心轴倾斜足够的角度。在轴的顶端有一个把柄。转动把柄，装置就活动起来。如果螺旋轴的倾斜角度大于螺旋管的倾斜角度，那么水将沿着管道从顶端流出。埃及人用阿基米德螺旋管来灌溉土地，排除洪涝；船舱进水了，也常靠它来抽干。
英文正文
The Archimedean screw. One of Archimedes' inventions, still used in various parts of the world, is the so-called Archimedean screw. It consists of a tube (see Figure 8), open at each end, wrapped in helical or cork-screw fashion around a central cylindrical core. One end of the screw is immersed in water and the axis of the screw is inclined to the vertical at a sufficiently large angle. The instrument is furnished with a handle at its upper end. Turning the handle causes the instrument to rotate. If the inclination of the helical axis is greater than the inclination of the tube, the water is forced to flow out from the top of the tube. The ancient Egyptians used the Archimedean screw to irrigate land, drain off floods, and even to pump water from ship holds.
英语学习拓展
常用词汇
screw音标/skruː/
螺旋；螺钉；螺旋管。
原文用法：the so-called Archimedean screw
immerse音标/ɪˈmɜːs/
浸入；淹没。
原文用法：One end of the screw is immersed in water
inclined音标/ɪnˈklaɪnd/
倾斜的。
原文用法：the axis of the screw is inclined to the vertical
helical音标/ˈhiːlɪkl/
螺旋形的。
原文用法：wrapped in helical or cork-screw fashion
furnish音标/ˈfɜːnɪʃ/
配备；提供。
原文用法：The instrument is furnished with a handle at its upper end
irrigate音标/ˈɪrɪɡeɪt/
灌溉。
原文用法：used the Archimedean screw to irrigate land
同义词与近义词
对应核心词汇：helical
对应核心词汇：helical。
辨析：helical 强调像螺旋线（helix）那样的三维螺旋形态；spiral 更通用，可指平面上的盘旋曲线，也可指螺旋。
常用短语与固定搭配
- so-called：所谓的。原文用法：the so-called Archimedean screw。
- consist of：由……组成。原文用法：It consists of a tube (see Figure 8), open at each end。
- wrapped in ... fashion：以……方式缠绕。原文用法：wrapped in helical or cork-screw fashion。
- inclined to the vertical：相对于竖直方向倾斜。原文用法：inclined to the vertical at a sufficiently large angle。
- furnish ... with：给……装备……。原文用法：The instrument is furnished with a handle。
- drain off：排走；排干。原文用法：drain off floods。
常用句式
- One of ..., still used in ..., is ...：……之一是……，它至今仍在……使用。原文例句：One of Archimedes' inventions, still used in various parts of the world, is the so-called Archimedean screw.
- It consists of ..., ...：它由……组成，……。原文例句：It consists of a tube (see Figure 8), open at each end, wrapped in helical or cork-screw fashion around a central cylindrical core.
长难句解析
It consists of a tube (see Figure 8), open at each end, wrapped in helical or cork-screw fashion around a central cylindrical core.
- 主干：It consists of a tube。
- 修饰与从句：
- (see Figure 8) 是插入语，提示参见图示； - open at each end 是后置形容词短语，修饰 tube； - wrapped in helical or cork-screw fashion around a central cylindrical core 是过去分词短语，修饰 tube，说明管子的缠绕方式。
- 逻辑关系：先说明核心组件（管子），再补充两个并列的细节（开口状态 + 缠绕方式）。
If the inclination of the helical axis is greater than the inclination of the tube, the water is forced to flow out from the top of the tube.
- 主干：the water is forced to flow out。
- 修饰与从句：If 引导条件状语从句，比较两个倾角的大小。
- 逻辑关系：条件（螺旋轴倾角 > 管子倾角）→ 结果（水被逼出管顶）。
语言使用特点
- 说明文中频繁使用被动语态（is immersed, is inclined, is furnished, is forced），突出客观性。
- 描述机械结构时大量使用分词短语作后置定语（open at each end, wrapped in ... fashion），使句子紧凑而信息密集。
迁移练习
- 用英文描述一种你熟悉的简单机械（如杠杆、滑轮），模仿 It consists of ... 的句式。
- 用 If ..., ... is forced to ... 结构写一个条件句，描述某种物理现象。
点击展开参考答案
- 示例：A lever consists of a rigid bar that rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum.
- 示例：If the temperature drops below 0°C, the water is forced to change from liquid to solid.