内容概述
毕达哥拉斯把朋友定义为“另一个我”,由此引出“亲和数”的概念。故事以 220 与 284 为例:220 的所有真因子之和为 284,而 284 的所有真因子之和为 220,二者彼此生成对方,正如亲密无间的朋友。
中文正文
40° 友谊
朋友是什么?毕达哥拉斯回答:“另一个我。”从此引出数的亲和性。能拿什么来描写比亲和数对 220 和 284 更亲密的关系吗?220 的真因子为 1,2,4,5,10,11,20,22,44,55,110,它们的和为 284;而 284 的真因子为 1,2,4,71,142,它们的和为 220。这两个数,一个能生成另一个;当然不会有比这更亲密的东西了。
16 正整数 N 的真因子指的是除 N 之外的所有 N 的正整数因子。注意 1 也是 N 的真因子。真因子还有一个多少有点儿陈旧的同义词:整除部分。(原注)
英文正文
40° Friendship. Asked what a friend is, Pythagoras replied, "Another I." From this developed the amicability of numbers. What could depict a closer friendship than the amicable number pair 220 and 284? The proper divisors of 220 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55, 110, and the sum of these is 284; the proper divisors of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71, 142, and the sum of these is 220. Each of the two numbers 220 and 284 generates the other; surely nothing can be more intimate than this.
The proper divisors of a positive integer N are all the positive integral divisors of N except N itself. Note that 1 is a proper divisor of N. A somewhat antiquated synonym for proper divisor is aliquot part. (英文版原注,位于印刷第 29 页)
英语学习拓展
常用词汇
amicable音标/ˈæmɪkəbl/
友好的;和睦的。
原文用法:the amicability of numbers.
amicability音标/ˌæmɪkəˈbɪləti/
友好;和睦。
原文用法:From this developed the amicability of numbers.
depict音标/dɪˈpɪkt/
描绘;描述。
原文用法:What could depict a closer friendship...
proper divisor音标/ˌprɒpə dɪˈvaɪzə(r)/
真因子。
原文用法:The proper divisors of 220 are...
generate音标/ˈdʒenəreɪt/
产生;生成。
原文用法:Each of the two numbers 220 and 284 generates the other.
intimate音标/ˈɪntɪmət/
亲密的。
原文用法:surely nothing can be more intimate than this.
positive integer音标/ˌpɒzətɪv ˈɪntɪdʒə(r)/
正整数。
原文用法:a positive integer N.
integral divisor音标/ˈɪntɪɡrəl dɪˈvaɪzə(r)/
整数因子。
原文用法:positive integral divisors of N.
antiquated音标/ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd/
过时的;陈旧的。
原文用法:A somewhat antiquated synonym...
aliquot part音标/ˈælɪkwɒt pɑːt/
整除部分;真因子的旧称。
原文用法:aliquot part.
同义词与近义词
对应核心词汇:amicable
对应核心词汇:amicable。
辨析:amicable 侧重关系和睦友好;friendly 最常用;harmonious 强调和谐一致。
对应核心词汇:depict
对应核心词汇:depict。
辨析:depict 常指生动描绘;portray 侧重刻画形象;describe 泛指描述。
对应核心词汇:intimate
对应核心词汇:intimate。
辨析:intimate 强调亲密无间;close 泛指关系近;dear 强调亲爱。
常用短语与固定搭配
- amicable number pair:亲和数对。原文用法:the amicable number pair 220 and 284.
- proper divisors of ...:……的真因子。原文用法:The proper divisors of 220 are...
- the sum of these is ...:这些的和是……。原文用法:and the sum of these is 284.
- generate the other:生成对方。原文用法:Each of the two numbers ... generates the other.
常用句式
- Pattern: Asked what ... is, ... replied, "...":被问到……是什么时,……回答:“……”。原文例句:Asked what a friend is, Pythagoras replied, "Another I."
- Pattern: What could ... than ...?:还有什么比……更……?原文例句:What could depict a closer friendship than the amicable number pair 220 and 284?
长难句解析
The proper divisors of 220 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55, 110, and the sum of these is 284; the proper divisors of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71, 142, and the sum of these is 220.
- 主干:The proper divisors of 220 are ... and the sum of these is 284; the proper divisors of 284 are ... and the sum of these is 220.
- 修饰与从句:本句为并列复合句,用分号连接 220 与 284 两组事实。
- 逻辑关系:先列出 220 的真因子并指出其和为 284,再列出 284 的真因子并指出其和为 220,从而证明二者互为亲和数。
语言使用特点
- 用数学定义式语言精确描述真因子;
- 用分号并列两个对称结构,增强逻辑感;
- 结尾用 “surely nothing can be more intimate than this” 把数学结论拉回比喻。
迁移练习
- 验证 220 与 284 是否互为亲和数(用英文写出真因子与和)。
- 用 “Asked what ... is, ... replied, '...'” 改写一个问答场景。
- 翻译:这两个数,一个能生成另一个;当然不会有比这更亲密的东西了。
点击展开参考答案
- The proper divisors of 220 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55, 110, and the sum of these is 284; the proper divisors of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71, 142, and the sum of these is 220. Therefore they are amicable.
- (示例)Asked what beauty is, she replied, "Harmony in form and color."
- Each of the two numbers 220 and 284 generates the other; surely nothing can be more intimate than this.