内容概述
亚历山大博物馆在帕普斯之后还有最后两位数学家：泰奥恩及其女海帕蒂娅；泰奥恩曾修订欧几里得《原本》，海帕蒂娅继承父志成为数学史上第一位女数学家，为丢番图《算术》与阿波罗尼《圆锥曲线》作评注；公元 415 年 3 月，基督教暴徒将她残杀于异教徒寺庙台阶，希腊数学长卷落幕。
中文正文
90° 第一个女数学家
在亚历山大博物馆，继帕普斯之后的小作者和评注家中，还有泰奥恩（Theon）和他的女儿海帕蒂娅（Hypatia）。父女俩生活在公元四五世纪之交宗教剧变的多事之秋，也是那个著名学府的最后两个数学家。泰奥恩为托勒密的《天文学大成》（Almagest）写过评注，还修订过欧几里得《原本》（我们所有的现代版都是从它派生出来的）。海帕蒂娅当然从父亲那儿继承了数学兴趣，是数学史上第一个女数学家。她在数学、医学和哲学都很出名，据说还为丢番图的《算术》和阿波罗尼的《圆锥曲线》写过评注。
海帕蒂娅是亚历山大城新柏拉图主义的代言人，在博物馆主讲柏拉图的哲学。她最有名的学生是昔兰尼的西内西乌斯（Synesius），后来成为托勒密城（Ptolemais）的主教。从他写给海帕蒂娅的情书可以看到，精神的基督教与异教的哲学有着多么亲密而实在的往来。另一方面，海帕蒂娅之死却说明好战的基督教对异教的哲学是多么恶毒和残忍。公元 415 年 3 月，她被一群愤怒的基督教暴徒抓走了，残暴地把她处死在异教徒寺庙的台阶上。
海帕蒂娅的悲剧拉下了希腊数学大戏的帷幕；长远而辉煌的希腊数学的历史走到了尽头。
英文正文
90° The first woman mathematician. Among the minor writers and commentators who succeeded Pappus at the Alexandrian Museum were Theon and his daughter Hypatia. These two lived during the turbulent years of religious upheaval at the end of the fourth and the beginning of the fifth century, and they were the last scholars of mathematics at the famous institution. Theon was the author of a commentary on Ptolemy's Almagest and a revision of Euclid's Elements from which all our modern editions have derived. His daughter, Hypatia, who undoubtedly obtained an interest in mathematics from her father, is the first woman mathematician to be mentioned in the history of mathematics. She was distinguished in mathematics, medicine, and philosophy, and is reported to have written commentaries on Diophantus's Arithmetica and Apollonius's Conic Sections.
As an exponent of Alexandrian Neoplatonism, Hypatia lectured on Platonic philosophy at the Museum. Her most notable student was Synesius of Cyrene, who later became bishop of Ptolemais. His affectionate and admiring letters to Hypatia illustrate the close and fruitful contact of early spiritual Christianity with pagan philosophy. On the other hand, the bitter and cruel contact of early militant Christianity with pagan philosophy is illustrated by Hypatia's death, for in March, 415, she was seized by a mob of infuriated Christians and barbarously murdered on the steps of a pagan temple.
With the tragic passing of Hypatia, the curtain fell on the Greek contribution to mathematics; the long and glorious history of Greek mathematics essentially came to an end.
英语学习拓展
常用词汇
mathematician音标/ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃən/
数学家。
原文用法：the first woman mathematician to be mentioned in the history of mathematics
commentary音标/ˈkɒməntəri/
评注；注释。
原文用法：the author of a commentary on Ptolemy's Almagest
distinguished音标/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/
杰出的；卓越的。
原文用法：She was distinguished in mathematics, medicine, and philosophy
exponent音标/ɪkˈspəʊnənt/
倡导者；代表人物。
原文用法：As an exponent of Alexandrian Neoplatonism
Neoplatonism音标/ˌniːəʊˈpleɪtənɪzəm/
新柏拉图主义。
原文用法：Alexandrian Neoplatonism
notable音标/ˈnəʊtəbl/
著名的；值得注意的。
原文用法：Her most notable student was Synesius of Cyrene
infuriated音标/ɪnˈfjʊərieɪtɪd/
狂怒的。
原文用法：a mob of infuriated Christians
barbarously音标/ˈbɑːbərəslɪ/
残暴地；野蛮地。
原文用法：barbarously murdered on the steps of a pagan temple
essentially音标/ɪˈsenʃəli/
本质上；基本上。
原文用法：the long and glorious history of Greek mathematics essentially came to an end
turbulent音标/ˈtɜːbjələnt/
动荡的；混乱的。
原文用法：the turbulent years of religious upheaval
同义词与近义词
对应核心词汇：turbulent
对应核心词汇：turbulent。
辨析：turbulent 强调局势动荡不安；troubled 侧重困难重重；stormy 多比喻像风暴般激烈。
对应核心词汇：distinguished
对应核心词汇：distinguished。
辨析：distinguished 指因卓越成就而受人尊敬；eminent 强调在某一领域声名显赫；outstanding 突出表现优异、与众不同。
对应核心词汇：notable
对应核心词汇：notable。
辨析：notable 指值得注意的；remarkable 强调非凡、引人注目；noteworthy 侧重有记录或讨论的价值。
常用短语与固定搭配
- succeed A at B：在 B 处接替 A。原文用法：commentators who succeeded Pappus at the Alexandrian Museum
- derive from：源于；由……派生。原文用法：from which all our modern editions have derived
- be distinguished in：在……方面杰出。原文用法：distinguished in mathematics, medicine, and philosophy
- be reported to：据报导；据说。原文用法：is reported to have written commentaries
- lecture on：讲授。原文用法：Hypatia lectured on Platonic philosophy
- be illustrated by：由……说明。原文用法：the bitter and cruel contact... is illustrated by Hypatia's death
- seize by a mob of：被一群……抓住。原文用法：she was seized by a mob of infuriated Christians
- come to an end：结束。原文用法：essentially came to an end
常用句式
- A is reported to have done B：据说 A 做过 B。原文例句：She... is reported to have written commentaries on Diophantus's Arithmetica and Apollonius's Conic Sections.
- With the tragic passing of A, the curtain fell on B：随着 A 的悲惨逝去，B 落下了帷幕。原文例句：With the tragic passing of Hypatia, the curtain fell on the Greek contribution to mathematics.
长难句解析
His daughter, Hypatia, who undoubtedly obtained an interest in mathematics from her father, is the first woman mathematician to be mentioned in the history of mathematics.
- 主干：His daughter, Hypatia, ... is the first woman mathematician。
- 修饰与从句：who undoubtedly obtained an interest in mathematics from her father 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 Hypatia；to be mentioned in the history of mathematics 为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 mathematician。
- 逻辑关系：说明海帕蒂娅的数学兴趣来自父亲，并强调她是数学史上第一位被提及的女数学家。
语言使用特点
- 历史叙述中常用被动语态与过去分词结构（如 is reported to have written, was seized, was distinguished），以保持客观性。
- 使用 undoubtedly, essentially 等评价副词，表达作者对历史事实的判断与感慨。
迁移练习
- 用英文写出海帕蒂娅为哪两部著作撰写过评注。
- 用 be distinguished in ... 结构介绍一位你熟悉的科学家。
- 将“公元 415 年 3 月，海帕蒂娅在一座异教徒寺庙的台阶上被杀害”翻译成英文。
点击展开参考答案
- Diophantus's Arithmetica and Apollonius's Conic Sections.
- Example: Marie Curie was distinguished in physics and chemistry.
- In March, 415, Hypatia was murdered on the steps of a pagan temple.