灵魂的轮回The transmigration of souls

常用词汇

同义词与近义词

常用短语与固定搭配

• transmigration of the soul：灵魂的轮回。原文用法：Pythagoras taught the transmigration of the individual soul...
• from one body to another：从一个肉体到另一个肉体。原文用法：from one body to another, even to that of a different species.
• serve as：充当。原文用法：bodies served as tombs or prisons of the soul.
• lead a ... life：过……的生活。原文用法：if a man led a sufficiently pure life...
• be released from：从……中释放。原文用法：his soul might be released from all flesh.
• come upon：偶遇。原文用法：coming upon a citizen of Crotona beating his dog.
• charge sb. to do：责令某人做某事。原文用法：The Brother charged the man to stop...
• yowls of pain：痛苦的嚎叫。原文用法：in the dog's yowls of pain.
• departed friend：已故的朋友。原文用法：the cries of a departed friend pleading for mercy.
• plead for mercy：乞求怜悯。原文用法：同上。
• at the next turn of the Wheel of Birth：在生命轮回的下一站。原文用法：At the next turn of the Wheel of Birth, he may be the master and you the dog.
• pray that ...：祈求……。原文用法：Pray that he will be more merciful to you than you are to him.
• as though：好像。原文用法：a tomb was erected for him as though he were dead.（注：本句虽属故事 55，但 as though 在相邻故事中同样重要，可一并比较。）

常用句式

• Pattern: Although ..., it was admitted that ...：尽管……，但人们承认……。原文例句：Although bodies served as tombs or prisons of the soul, it was admitted that if a man led a sufficiently pure life his soul might be released from all flesh.
• Pattern: There is a legend that tells of ...：有一个传说讲述了……。原文例句：There is a Pythagorean legend that tells of a Brother (or perhaps Pythagoras himself) coming upon a citizen of Crotona beating his dog.
• Pattern: A is evidenced by the fact that ...：A 可由……事实证明。原文例句：That the Pythagorean School was respected is evidenced by the fact that the legend claims the citizen immediately stopped beating the dog and begged the animal's forgiveness.

长难句解析

The Brother charged the man to stop, declaring that in the dog's yowls of pain he recognized the cries of a departed friend pleading for mercy.

• 主干：The Brother charged the man to stop.
• 修饰与从句：

- declaring that ... 为现在分词短语作伴随状语； - that 引导宾语从句，其中 in the dog's yowls of pain 为地点/方式状语； - he recognized the cries of a departed friend 为宾语从句主干； - pleading for mercy 为现在分词短语，修饰 friend。

• 逻辑关系：兄弟先责令那人住手，同时说明自己从狗叫声中辨认出已故朋友的哀求，以证明制止的正当性。

语言使用特点

• 采用宗教/哲学叙事常见的庄重语体；
• 使用条件句（if a man led ...）表达假设与结果；
• 通过直接引语增强故事的戏剧性与道德训诫色彩；
• 用 evidenced by the fact that 这类正式表达来引出论据。

迁移练习

1. 用 charge sb. to do 写一句话，描述让某人停止做某事的情景。
2. 解释故事中 the Wheel of Birth 的含义。
3. 翻译：毕达哥拉斯宣扬灵魂的轮回，每个人的灵魂从一个肉体迁移到另一个肉体。