内容概述
毕达哥拉斯兄弟会要求每位成员每晚睡前都向自己提出三个问题:"我做错了什么?我做了什么好事?有什么应该做而没有做的事情?"这三个问题成为学派自我反省的重要实践。中文脚注还将这一做法与中国曾子"吾日三省吾身"的训诫相对照。
中文正文
50° 三个问题
毕达哥拉斯兄弟会的每个成员每天晚上都必须问自己三个问题:我做错了什么?我做了什么好事?有什么应该做而没有做的事情?
20 这自然令我们想起曾子的话:"吾日三省吾身:为人谋而不忠乎?与朋友交而不信乎?传不习乎?"(《论语·学而》)
英文正文
英语学习拓展
常用词汇
evening音标/ˈiːvnɪŋ/
晚上。
原文用法:Every evening each member...
member音标/ˈmembə(r)/
成员。
原文用法:同上。
put questions to oneself:向自己提出问题。原文用法:had to put three questions to himself。
fail音标/feɪl/
失败;做错。
原文用法:In what have I failed?
good音标/ɡʊd/
好事;善行。
原文用法:What good have I done?
ought to音标/ɔːt tuː/
应该。
原文用法:What have I not done that I ought to have done?
同义词与近义词
对应核心词汇:fail
对应核心词汇:fail。
辨析:fail 可指未能做到;make a mistake 指犯错;err 为正式/文学用语。
对应核心词汇:good
对应核心词汇:good。
辨析:good 作名词指好事、善行;good deed 强调具体行为;virtue 指美德。
对应核心词汇:ought to
对应核心词汇:ought to。
辨析:ought to 与 should 都表示义务或建议,语气比 must 弱;ought to 更正式、更强调道德责任。
常用短语与固定搭配
- every evening:每天晚上。原文用法:Every evening each member...
- put questions to oneself:向自己提问。原文用法:put three questions to himself。
- in what:在哪方面。原文用法:In what have I failed?
- ought to have done:本应该做(却未做)。原文用法:that I ought to have done。
常用句式
- Pattern: Every ..., ... had to ...:每……,……都必须……。原文例句:Every evening each member of the Pythagorean Brotherhood had to put three questions to himself.
- Pattern: What ... have I done?:我做了什么……?原文例句:What good have I done?
- Pattern: What have I not done that I ought to have done?:有什么我应该做而没有做的事情?原文例句:同上。
长难句解析
Every evening each member of the Pythagorean Brotherhood had to put three questions to himself: In what have I failed? What good have I done? What have I not done that I ought to have done?
- 主干:Each member had to put three questions to himself.
- 修饰与从句:
- Every evening 为时间状语; - of the Pythagorean Brotherhood 为介词短语,修饰 member; - 冒号后三个并列疑问句为 three questions 的同位语; - 第三个问句中 that I ought to have done 为定语从句,修饰 what(即 the things),其中 ought to have done 表示过去该做而未做。
- 逻辑关系:先说明习惯(每晚自问),再具体列出三个问题,形成排比,语气层层递进。
语言使用特点
- 使用排比问句,结构整齐、节奏感强;
- ought to have done 体现对过去责任的反思;
- 中文用直接引语和脚注补充曾子语录,是中文版的本地化增补。
迁移练习
- 用 "What ... have I done?" 写一句话,反思今天完成的一项任务。
- 翻译:有什么我应该做而没有做的事情?
- 用英语写出你每晚回顾数学学习的三个问题。
点击展开参考答案
- (示例)What progress have I made in math today?
- What have I not done that I ought to have done?
- (示例)What mistakes did I make? What methods worked well? What should I practice tomorrow?