数学故事样稿
← 返回故事列表

mc1-050 · ENGLISH LEARNING

三个问题The three questions

英语学习拓展 约 4 分钟阅读 中文English

内容概述

  • 数学故事
  • 数学文化 / 学派箴言
  • 叙事 / 引文

毕达哥拉斯兄弟会要求每位成员每晚睡前都向自己提出三个问题:"我做错了什么?我做了什么好事?有什么应该做而没有做的事情?"这三个问题成为学派自我反省的重要实践。中文脚注还将这一做法与中国曾子"吾日三省吾身"的训诫相对照。

中文正文

50° 三个问题

毕达哥拉斯兄弟会的每个成员每天晚上都必须问自己三个问题:我做错了什么?我做了什么好事?有什么应该做而没有做的事情?

20 这自然令我们想起曾子的话:"吾日三省吾身:为人谋而不忠乎?与朋友交而不信乎?传不习乎?"(《论语·学而》)

英文正文

50° The three questions. Every evening each member of the Pythagorean Brotherhood had to put three questions to himself: In what have I failed? What good have I done? What have I not done that I ought to have done?

英语学习拓展

常用词汇

evening

音标/ˈiːvnɪŋ/

释义与用法

晚上。

原文用法:Every evening each member...

member

音标/ˈmembə(r)/

释义与用法

成员。

原文用法:同上。

put questions to oneself:向自己提出问题。原文用法:had to put three questions to himself

重点 · 近义词拓展
fail

音标/feɪl/

释义与用法

失败;做错。

原文用法:In what have I failed?

查看对应近义词组 ↓
重点 · 近义词拓展
good

音标/ɡʊd/

释义与用法

好事;善行。

原文用法:What good have I done?

查看对应近义词组 ↓
重点 · 近义词拓展
ought to

音标/ɔːt tuː/

释义与用法

应该。

原文用法:What have I not done that I ought to have done?

查看对应近义词组 ↓

同义词与近义词

fail/make a mistake/err

对应核心词汇:fail

用法辨析

对应核心词汇:fail

辨析:fail 可指未能做到;make a mistake 指犯错;err 为正式/文学用语。

good/good deed/virtue

对应核心词汇:good

用法辨析

对应核心词汇:good

辨析:good 作名词指好事、善行;good deed 强调具体行为;virtue 指美德。

ought to/should/must

对应核心词汇:ought to

用法辨析

对应核心词汇:ought to

辨析:ought to 与 should 都表示义务或建议,语气比 must 弱;ought to 更正式、更强调道德责任。

常用短语与固定搭配

  • every evening:每天晚上。原文用法:Every evening each member...
  • put questions to oneself:向自己提问。原文用法:put three questions to himself
  • in what:在哪方面。原文用法:In what have I failed?
  • ought to have done:本应该做(却未做)。原文用法:that I ought to have done

常用句式

  • Pattern: Every ..., ... had to ...:每……,……都必须……。原文例句:Every evening each member of the Pythagorean Brotherhood had to put three questions to himself.
  • Pattern: What ... have I done?:我做了什么……?原文例句:What good have I done?
  • Pattern: What have I not done that I ought to have done?:有什么我应该做而没有做的事情?原文例句:同上。

长难句解析

Every evening each member of the Pythagorean Brotherhood had to put three questions to himself: In what have I failed? What good have I done? What have I not done that I ought to have done?

  • 主干:Each member had to put three questions to himself.
  • 修饰与从句:

- Every evening 为时间状语; - of the Pythagorean Brotherhood 为介词短语,修饰 member; - 冒号后三个并列疑问句为 three questions 的同位语; - 第三个问句中 that I ought to have done 为定语从句,修饰 what(即 the things),其中 ought to have done 表示过去该做而未做。

  • 逻辑关系:先说明习惯(每晚自问),再具体列出三个问题,形成排比,语气层层递进。

语言使用特点

  • 使用排比问句,结构整齐、节奏感强;
  • ought to have done 体现对过去责任的反思;
  • 中文用直接引语和脚注补充曾子语录,是中文版的本地化增补。

迁移练习

  1. 用 "What ... have I done?" 写一句话,反思今天完成的一项任务。
  2. 翻译:有什么我应该做而没有做的事情?
  3. 用英语写出你每晚回顾数学学习的三个问题。
点击展开参考答案
  1. (示例)What progress have I made in math today?
  2. What have I not done that I ought to have done?
  3. (示例)What mistakes did I make? What methods worked well? What should I practice tomorrow?