内容概述
随着时间推移，毕达哥拉斯学社在克罗托尼的影响与贵族化倾向日益加剧，意大利南部的民主势力摧毁了学校建筑，学社随之解散。毕达哥拉斯逃往麦特蓬托姆，在 75 至 80 岁高龄时去世或被谋杀。另有传说称，他为了逃避追捕者跑进豆田，因不愿践踏神圣的豆苗而选择死亡。
中文正文
44° 毕达哥拉斯之死
毕达哥拉斯在克罗托尼的兄弟会的影响和贵族化倾向越来越大了，意大利南方的民主势力捣毁了他们的学校，社团也跟着解散了。毕达哥拉斯逃到麦特蓬托姆（Metapontum），在 75 或 80 岁高龄的时候，死在那里，或者被谋杀了。还有一个传说：老师离开信徒后，跑进一片豆苗田。他不愿践踏神圣的豆苗，于是选择了死亡。
英文正文
44° The end of Pythagoras. In time the influence and aristocratic tendencies of the Pythagorean Brotherhood in Crotona became so great that the democratic forces of southern Italy destroyed the buildings of the school and caused the society to disperse. Pythagoras fled to Metapontum where he died, or was murdered, at an advanced age of 75 to 80. According to one legend, the master, fleeing from his pursuers, was forced into a bean field. Rather than chance treading on one of the sacred bean plants, Pythagoras chose death.
英语学习拓展
常用词汇
influence音标/ˈɪnfluəns/
影响力。
原文用法：the influence and aristocratic tendencies of the Pythagorean Brotherhood
aristocratic音标/əˌrɪstəˈkrætɪk/
贵族的。
原文用法：同上
tendency音标/ˈtendənsi/
倾向；趋势。
原文用法：同上
democratic音标/ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/
民主的。
原文用法：the democratic forces of southern Italy
destroy音标/dɪˈstrɔɪ/
摧毁。
原文用法：destroyed the buildings of the school
disperse音标/dɪˈspɜːrs/
解散；驱散。
原文用法：caused the society to disperse
flee音标/fliː/
逃跑。
原文用法：Pythagoras fled to Metapontum
advanced age音标/ədˈvænst eɪdʒ/
高龄。
原文用法：at an advanced age of 75 to 80
pursuer音标/pərˈsuːər/
追捕者。
原文用法：fleeing from his pursuers
sacred音标/ˈseɪkrɪd/
神圣的。
原文用法：one of the sacred bean plants
tread音标/tred/
踩踏。
原文用法：Rather than chance treading on one of the sacred bean plants
同义词与近义词
对应核心词汇：influence
对应核心词汇：influence。
辨析：influence 强调对他人或事件的影响；power 指力量或权力；sway 较文学化，指支配性的影响。
对应核心词汇：destroy
对应核心词汇：destroy。
辨析：destroy 泛指彻底破坏；ruin 强调使失去价值；demolish 指拆毁建筑物。
对应核心词汇：flee
对应核心词汇：flee。
辨析：flee 强调逃离危险；escape 泛指逃脱；run away 为日常表达。
常用短语与固定搭配
- aristocratic tendencies：贵族化倾向。原文用法：the influence and aristocratic tendencies of the Pythagorean Brotherhood
- democratic forces：民主势力。原文用法：the democratic forces of southern Italy
- cause ... to disperse：使……解散。原文用法：caused the society to disperse
- flee to：逃往。原文用法：Pythagoras fled to Metapontum
- at an advanced age：在高龄时。原文用法：at an advanced age of 75 to 80
- according to one legend：据一种传说。原文用法：According to one legend, the master...
- rather than：而不是；不愿。原文用法：Rather than chance treading on one of the sacred bean plants...
常用句式
- Pattern: ... became so ... that ...：变得如此……以至于……。原文例句：the influence and aristocratic tendencies ... became so great that the democratic forces ... destroyed the buildings...
- Pattern: ... where ...：……在那里……。原文例句：Pythagoras fled to Metapontum where he died, or was murdered...
- Pattern: Rather than ..., ... chose ...：不愿……，……选择了……。原文例句：Rather than chance treading on one of the sacred bean plants, Pythagoras chose death.
长难句解析
In time the influence and aristocratic tendencies of the Pythagorean Brotherhood in Crotona became so great that the democratic forces of southern Italy destroyed the buildings of the school and caused the society to disperse.
- 主干：the influence and aristocratic tendencies became so great that ...
- 修饰与从句：
- In time 为时间状语； - of the Pythagorean Brotherhood in Crotona 为后置定语，修饰 influence and aristocratic tendencies； - that the democratic forces ... destroyed ... and caused ... 为结果状语从句； - of southern Italy 修饰 democratic forces； - of the school 修饰 buildings。
- 逻辑关系：主句说明学社影响力与贵族化倾向增长到某种程度，结果从句说明由此引发的后果。
语言使用特点
- 用 so ... that ... 结构清晰表达因果关系；
- 用 in time、according to one legend 等短语交代时间与来源；
- chance treading 中 chance 作动词，意为“冒险”，是较古雅的用法。
迁移练习
- 用 ... became so ... that ... 描述一种现象及其后果。
- 解释 rather than chance treading 中 chance 的含义与词性。
- 翻译：毕达哥拉斯逃往麦特蓬托姆，并在那里去世或被谋杀。
点击展开参考答案
- （示例）The storm became so fierce that all flights were cancelled.
- （示例）Here chance is used as a verb meaning “to take the risk of.” It means he didn't want to risk stepping on the bean plants.
- Pythagoras fled to Metapontum where he died, or was murdered.