幻方Magic Squares

常用词汇

同义词与近义词

常用短语与固定搭配

• date from：追溯到，始于。原文用法："...are claimed to date from very early times."
• as an added complication：作为额外的复杂因素。原文用法："As an added complication it was decreed..."
• carry out：执行，实施。原文用法："Although the edict was most certainly not completely carried out..."
• restore from memory：凭记忆恢复/重写。原文用法："...many books that were burned were soon restored from memory..."
• in doubt as to：对……存有疑问。原文用法："we are now in doubt as to the genuineness of anything..."
• known as：被称为，以……著称。原文用法："...known as the lo-shu, later pictured as in Figure 2."

常用句式

• There are some ... of which parts, at least, are claimed to...：有些……其中至少有一部分被宣称……（表达谨慎的历史断言）。原文例句："There are some Chinese mathematical works of which parts, at least, are claimed to date from very early times."
• It was decreed that...：（某人）颁布法令规定……（被动语态表述官方行为）。原文例句："it was decreed, in 213 b.c. by the Emperor Shi Huang-ti, that all books in the country be burned..."
• Although ..., ...：虽然……，但是……（让步状语从句，常用于修正极端说法）。原文例句："Although the edict was most certainly not completely carried out, and many books that were burned were soon restored from memory, we are now in doubt as to..."

长难句解析

"Although the edict was most certainly not completely carried out, and many books that were burned were soon restored from memory, we are now in doubt as to the genuineness of anything claimed to be older than the unfortunate date."

• 主干：we are now in doubt（我们现在存有疑问）
• 修饰与从句：

- "Although the edict was most certainly not completely carried out," —— 让步状语从句 1 - "and many books that were burned were soon restored from memory," —— 并列的让步状语从句 2（内含定语从句 "that were burned" 修饰 "many books"） - "as to the genuineness of anything claimed to be older than the unfortunate date" —— 介词短语作状语，说明 doubt 的内容 - "claimed to be older than..." —— 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 "anything"

• 逻辑关系：让步（Although A and B）→ 结论（但仍 C），体现学术写作中"承认反例但不改变结论"的严谨态度。

"The lo-shu is the oldest known example of a magic square, and myth claims that it was first seen by the Emperor Yu, in about 2200 b.c., as a decoration upon the back of a divine tortoise along a bank of the Yellow River."

• 主干：The lo-shu is the oldest known example... and myth claims that...（并列句：事实陈述 + 传说引述）
• 修饰与从句：

- "of a magic square" —— 介词短语修饰 example - "that it was first seen by the Emperor Yu..." —— 宾语从句，说明 claims 的内容 - "in about 2200 b.c." —— 时间插入语 - "as a decoration upon the back of a divine tortoise along a bank of the Yellow River" —— 方式/地点状语，修饰 seen

• 逻辑关系：并列（事实 + 传说），作者用 "and myth claims that" 明确将后一半标记为传说而非史实，体现了审慎的学术态度。

语言使用特点

• 本文采用历史叙述（historical narrative） 与审慎推断（cautious inference） 相结合的风格。频繁使用 "claimed to", "myth claims", "it was decreed", "most certainly not" 等表达来标记信息的确信程度。
• 被动语态密集（"was decreed", "be burned", "be buried", "was carried out", "were restored", "is known", "was first seen"），这是学术英语的典型特征，用于弱化施动者、突出事件本身。
• 专有名词处理：I-king、lo-shu 使用斜体表明其为外来词/书名；Shi Huang-ti、Yu、Yellow River 等保留英文拼写。

迁移练习

1. 用 date from 和 in doubt as to 各写一句话，描述一件你感兴趣的历史文物。
2. 将以下中文翻译成英文，尽量使用本文句式："虽然这部古籍的部分内容可能写于唐代，但学者们对其真实年代仍存有疑虑。"
3. 洛书的幻和是 15。如果一个四阶幻方使用 1–16，它的幻和是多少？用英文写出你的计算过程。