内容概述
一匹马展现出惊人的数学天赋,依次学会了算术、代数、平面几何、立体几何和三角。但当人们教它解析几何时,马儿却暴躁不安、尥蹶子。作者借此双关语化用英语谚语 “put the cart before the horse”,调侃“把笛卡儿放在马前”。
中文正文
8° 数学马
有一匹马,显露了惊人的数学才能。它掌握了算术,接着学会了基本的代数。很快它又学会了平面几何和立体几何,然后是三角。后来,人们教它解析几何,不过这回马儿举止失常了,踢腿尥蹶子,疯了似的。这一切不过是证明了不能把笛卡儿推到马的前面。
4 又一个文字游戏。从解析几何联想到它的发明者笛卡儿(Descartes),而那名字中有辆“大车”(“cart”),我们当然不能把大车套在马的前面。
英文正文
8° The mathematical horse. There was a horse that showed a remarkable ability at learning mathematics. The horse mastered arithmetic, and then elementary algebra. Soon after, it acquired plane and solid geometry, and next, trigonometry. Then it was offered analytic geometry, but upon this the horse balked, kicked, and carried on in a wild manner. All of which simply proves that one mustn't put Descartes before the horse.
英语学习拓展
常用词汇
mathematical音标/ˌmæθəˈmætɪkl/
数学的。
原文用法:a remarkable ability at learning mathematics.
arithmetic音标/əˈrɪθmətɪk/
算术。
原文用法:The horse mastered arithmetic…
algebra音标/ˈældʒɪbrə/
代数。
原文用法:and then elementary algebra.
geometry音标/dʒiˈɒmətri/
几何。
原文用法:plane and solid geometry.
trigonometry音标/ˌtrɪɡəˈnɒmətri/
三角学。
原文用法:and next, trigonometry.
analytic geometry:解析几何。原文用法:Then it was offered analytic geometry…
balk音标/bɔːk/
畏缩;突然止步不前。
原文用法:the horse balked, kicked, and carried on in a wild manner.
carry on:继续;闹腾。原文用法:同上。
master音标/ˈmɑːstə(r)/
熟练掌握;精通。
原文用法:The horse mastered arithmetic, and then elementary algebra.
elementary音标/ˌelɪˈmentri/
基础的;入门的。
原文用法:and then elementary algebra.
wild音标/waɪld/
狂野的;失控的。
原文用法:carried on in a wild manner.
同义词与近义词
对应核心词汇:master
对应核心词汇:master。
辨析:master 指熟练掌握;acquire 强调逐步获得;learn 泛指学习。
对应核心词汇:elementary
对应核心词汇:elementary。
辨析:elementary 侧重入门、基础;basic 泛指基本;fundamental 强调根本、重要。
对应核心词汇:wild
对应核心词汇:wild。
辨析:wild 指失控、狂野;frantic 指狂乱、惊慌;unruly 指不服管束。
常用短语与固定搭配
- show a remarkable ability at:在……方面展现出惊人才能。原文用法:showed a remarkable ability at learning mathematics.
- master … and then …:掌握……接着……。原文用法:mastered arithmetic, and then elementary algebra.
- soon after:不久之后。原文用法:Soon after, it acquired plane and solid geometry…
- carry on in a wild manner:疯狂地闹腾。原文用法:carried on in a wild manner.
- put Descartes before the horse:原书双关,化用 “put the cart before the horse”(本末倒置)。
常用句式
- Pattern: There was a … that …:有一个……,它……。原文例句:There was a horse that showed a remarkable ability at learning mathematics.
- Pattern: All of which simply proves that …:所有这一切仅仅证明了……。原文例句:All of which simply proves that one mustn't put Descartes before the horse.
长难句解析
Then it was offered analytic geometry, but upon this the horse balked, kicked, and carried on in a wild manner.
- 主干:it was offered analytic geometry, but the horse balked, kicked, and carried on.
- 修饰与从句:
- Then 为时间状语; - upon this 指代“被教解析几何”这件事; - in a wild manner 为方式状语,修饰 carried on。
- 逻辑关系:前半句说马儿被教授解析几何,后半句以 but 转折,描述马儿暴躁抗拒的反应。
语言使用特点
- 用递进式并列结构罗列数学分支,体现学习的循序渐进;
- 结尾用双关语制造幽默,是英语中典型的文字游戏;
- 中文翻译增加了脚注解释双关,帮助读者理解文化背景。
迁移练习
- 用 “master … and then …” 写一句话,描述你学习某项技能的过程。
- 解释双关语 “put Descartes before the horse” 为什么好笑。
- 翻译:不久以后,它又掌握了平面几何和立体几何,接着是三角。
点击展开参考答案
- (示例)I mastered basic chords and then moved on to more complex songs.
- (示例)It plays on the English idiom "put the cart before the horse," which means to reverse the proper order. Since Descartes founded analytic geometry, putting him "before the horse" sounds like putting the cart before the horse.
- Soon after, it acquired plane and solid geometry, and next, trigonometry.