数学家的类别A classification of mathematicians

常用词汇

同义词与近义词

常用短语与固定搭配

• man of letters：文学家；文人。原文用法：the English moralist, prophet, philosopher, and man of letters.
• be applicable to：适用于。原文用法：many of which are particularly applicable to mathematics and mathematicians.
• divide … into …：把……分成……。原文用法：he divided philosophers into three groups.
• spin out：编织出；拉长。原文用法：spin out intricate and insubstantial theories from their own minds.
• go to … for …：到……寻求……。原文用法：go to nature for raw material and inspiration.
• transfer … into …：把……转化为……。原文用法：transfer these into sound theories.

常用句式

• Pattern: X are those who …：某类人就是那些……的人。原文例句：The ants are those who diligently but stupidly and unsystematically gather many little and generally useless bits of knowledge.
• Pattern: These last he called …：他把最后这类人称为……。原文例句：These last he called the true philosophers.

长难句解析

Francis Bacon (1561–1626), the English moralist, prophet, philosopher, and man of letters, often engaged in scientific writings studded with aphorisms, many of which are particularly applicable to mathematics and mathematicians.

• 主干：Francis Bacon often engaged in scientific writings.
• 修饰与从句：

- the English moralist, prophet, philosopher, and man of letters 为 Bacon 的同位语； - studded with aphorisms 为后置定语，修饰 scientific writings； - many of which are particularly applicable to mathematics and mathematicians 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 aphorisms。

• 逻辑关系：先介绍培根的身份与写作风格，再指出其警句对数学与数学家的适用性。

语言使用特点

• 使用同位语并列多个身份，体现正式书面语风格；
• 用分号分隔三类人的定义，结构清晰、对比鲜明；
• 形容词 + 副词组合（diligently but stupidly and unsystematically）强化评价语气。

迁移练习

1. 仿照原文结构，用 “X are those who …” 描述一种你喜欢的学习者类型。
2. 用 “divide … into …” 写一句话，把数学问题按难度分类。
3. 翻译：培根把真正的哲学家比作蜜蜂，因为他们从自然中汲取原料并提炼出可靠的理论。