内容概述
这是一个在讲授对数(logarithms)时可以用来活跃课堂气氛的幽默小故事。一名男子每年都去某国家公园游览。某次他在那里遇到了一条蛇和蛇太太,但没有看到小蛇。男子问蛇为什么没有小蛇,蛇回答说:"我们是 adders(蝰蛇),不会 multiply(繁殖/乘)。"第二年男子再来时,发现蛇夫妇身边多了许多小蛇。原来公园管理员在这里建了一个 log table(原木桌 / 对数表),所以现在 adders 也能 multiply 了——利用了 adder(蝰蛇/加法器)、multiply(繁殖/乘法)和 log table(原木桌/对数表)三组双关。
中文正文
(注:所提供的中文扫描页未包含本故事正文。以下为据英文原文回译的参考文本,待中文原书页面补录后替换。)
6° 对数与乘法
在三角学或代数课上讲对数的时候,既可以讲到一个知识点,又能用下面这个异想天开的故事逗乐全班。
我们某个大国家公园每年都有一个常客来游览。有一次,这个人遇到了一条蛇和蛇的太太,可是没看到小蛇。于是,在和蛇聊天的时候,这个人问道:"怎么没有小蛇呢?""嗯,你看,"蛇先生回答,"我们是蝰蛇(adders),不会乘法(multiply)。"第二年,当这个人回到公园时,他又遇到了蛇先生和蛇太太,但这次有许多小蛇。"怎么有这么多小蛇?"这个人问道。"嗯,你看,"蛇先生回答,"公园管理员从这里经过,给我们建了一张原木桌子(log table),所以我们蝰蛇现在会乘法了。"
⚠️ 以上中文为据英文原文回译的参考文本,非原书中文正文录入。原书中文页面待补录后替换。
英文正文
6° Logarithms and Multiplication. When teaching logarithms in a trigonometry or algebra course, one can make a point and at the same time entertain the class with the following whimsical story.
One of our great national parks was yearly visited by a certain man. On one of these visits, the man met a snake and the snake's wife, but saw no little snakes. Accordingly, in conversation with the snakes, the man asked, "How come there are no little snakes?" "Well, you see," replied Mr. Snake, "we are adders, and cannot multiply." The following year, upon returning to the park, the man again found Mr. and Mrs. Snake, but now there were many little snakes. "How come there are so many little snakes?" the man asked. "Well, you see," replied Mr. Snake, "the park ranger came through here and built us a log table, so now we adders can multiply."
英语学习拓展
常用词汇
trigonometry音标/ˌtrɪɡəˈnɒmətri/
三角学。
原文用法:"When teaching logarithms in a trigonometry or algebra course"
algebra音标/ˈældʒɪbrə/
代数学。
原文用法同上
entertain音标/ˌentəˈteɪn/
使娱乐,使愉快。
原文用法:"and at the same time entertain the class"
whimsical音标/ˈwɪzmɪkl/
异想天开的,古怪有趣的。
原文用法:"the following whimsical story"
yearly音标/ˈjɪəli/
每年。
原文用法:"was yearly visited by a certain man"
accordingly音标/əˈkɔːdɪŋli/
于是,因此。
原文用法:"Accordingly, in conversation with the snakes"
adder音标/ˈædə(r)/
蝰蛇;(计)加法器。
原文用法:"we are adders, and cannot multiply"
multiply音标/ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/
(数学)乘;(生物)繁殖。
原文用法:"cannot multiply" / "adders can multiply"
ranger音标/ˈreɪndʒə(r)/
国家公园管理员,巡护员。
原文用法:"the park ranger came through here"
log table音标/lɒɡ ˈteɪbl/
原木桌;对数表(双关)。
原文用法:"built us a log table"
同义词与近义词
对应核心词汇:entertain
对应核心词汇:entertain。
辨析:entertain 正式且通用;amuse 强调"觉得好笑";delight 强调"使高兴"。
此处 entertain 最贴切(教师在课堂上"娱乐"学生)。
对应核心词汇:whimsical
对应核心词汇:whimsical。
辨析:whimsical 强调"异想天开、不拘一格的有趣";playful 强调"顽皮的、游戏的";fanciful 强调"充满幻想的"。
对应核心词汇:yearly
对应核心词汇:yearly。
辨析:yearly 更通俗;annually 较正式。
此处可互换。
对应核心词汇:accordingly
对应核心词汇:accordingly。
辨析:accordingly 含"按照上文逻辑,相应地"之意;therefore 最直接;consequently 强调因果后果。
常用短语与固定搭配
- make a point:讲清一个论点/要点。原文用法:"one can make a point and at the same time entertain..."
- at the same time:同时。原文用法同上
- one of these visits:其中一次访问。原文用法:"On one of these visits, the man met..."
- in conversation with...:在与……交谈中。原文用法:"in conversation with the snakes, the man asked"
- How come...?:(口语)怎么会……?为什么……?。原文用法:"'How come there are no little snakes?'"
- Well, you see,...:(口语解释的开场白)嗯,你看/是这样的……。原文用法:"'Well, you see,' replied Mr. Snake"
- upon doing...:一……就……(正式)。原文用法:"upon returning to the park, the man again found..."
- come through...:穿过,经过。原文用法:"the park ranger came through here"
常用句式
- When teaching ..., one can ... and at the same time ...:教学建议句型,提出"一举两得"的方法。原文例句:"When teaching logarithms in a trigonometry or algebra course, one can make a point and at the same time entertain the class with..."
- One of ... was/were ... by ...:被动语态的频率描述句型。原文例句:"One of our great national parks was yearly visited by a certain man."
- On one of these visits, ... met ..., but saw no ...:叙事时间标记 + 对比结构。原文例句:"On one of these visits, the man met a snake and the snake's wife, but saw no little snakes."
- "How come there are no/so many ...?":口语疑问句,询问数量异常的原因。原文例句:"'How come there are no little snakes?'" / "'How come there are so many little snakes?'"
- "Well, you see," replied [someone], "[explanation].":带引语的对话句型,用于讲述含问答的故事。原文例句:"'Well, you see,' replied Mr. Snake, 'we are adders...'"
长难句解析
The following year, upon returning to the park, the man again found Mr. and Mrs. Snake, but now there were many little snakes.
- 主干:the man again found Mr. and Mrs. Snake, but ... there were many little snakes
- 修饰与从句:
- "The following year"(时间状语) - "upon returning to the park"(介词 + 动名词,作时间状语,= When he returned to the park) - "again"(频度副词) - "Mr. and Mrs. Snake"(并列宾语,拟人化称呼) - "but now"(转折连词 + 时间副词) - "many little snakes"(存在句的主语)
- 逻辑关系:时间(The following year / upon returning)+ 动作(found)+ 转折对比(but now there were...)
"Well, you see," replied Mr. Snake, "the park ranger came through here and built us a log table, so now we adders can multiply."
- 主干:Mr. Snake replied: "the park ranger came ... and built ..., so ... we ... can multiply."
- 修饰与从句:
- "'Well, you see,'"(话语标记 / filler,缓冲语气) - "the park ranger came through here"(动作 1) - "(and) built us a log table"(动作 2,双关:built us a log table = 给我们建了张原木桌 / 给我们对数表) - "so now"(结果连词 + 时间副词) - "we adders can multiply"(双关核心:adder = 蝰蛇/加法者;multiply = 繁殖/乘法)
- 逻辑关系:因果链:管理员建了 log table → 所以 adders 可以 multiply(表层:有了原木桌所以蝰蛇能繁殖;深层:有了对数表所以加法器能做乘法)
语言使用特点
- 文体为口语化的叙事对话(conversational narrative),句子简短、语气轻松。
- 大量使用直接引语(direct speech),营造现场感。
- 三组双关语(pun)构成全文的灵魂:
1. adder(蝰蛇 ↔ 加法器/做加法的人) 2. multiply(繁殖 ↔ 乘法) 3. log table(原木桌 ↔ 对数表)
- "Mr. Snake" 和 "Mrs. Snake" 的拟人化称呼增添了童话色彩。
- "How come" 是典型的美式口语疑问形式(比 "Why" 更随意)。
迁移练习
- 解释本故事中的三组双关语各自的两层含义。
- 用 How come 写两个口语问句。
- 用 Upon + -ing 结构写一个表示"一……就……"的句子。
- 如果要把这个笑话翻译成中文并保留幽默效果,你会怎样处理三组双关?(开放性问题)
点击展开参考答案
1. - adder:① 蝰蛇(一种毒蛇的名字);② 加法器/做加法的人(数学语境)。 - multiply:① (动物)繁殖,增生;② (数学)做乘法运算。 - log table:① 用原木(log)做的桌子;② 对数表(logarithm table 的缩写)。 整句双关含义:公园管理员给蛇们建了一张"原木桌"/"对数表",所以"蝰蛇"/"加法器"现在能"繁殖"/"做乘法"了。
- How come you're late today? / How come nobody told me about this?
- Upon hearing the news, she immediately called her parents. / Upon entering the room, he noticed something unusual.
- (开放性答案示例):可尝试用中文近音/近义双关替代,如"蛇(舍)入对数表,繁(乘)衍不息"等;或保留英文术语加注释的方式向读者解释双关。完全等效的中文翻译几乎不可能,这正是语言与文化特色的体现。